ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted with blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) cv T-9 in Open top chambers (OTCs) to assess the impact of moisture deficit and its interaction with two levels of CO2 (550ppm and 700ppm) on biomass and seed yield. At flowering stage moisture deficit was imposed by withholding irrigation. Both elevated CO2 levels improved the total biomass and the extent of improvement was 2.7% and 23.5% under irrigated conditions, while 9.0% and 26.1% under moisture stress conditions at 550ppm and 700ppm of CO2 respectively. Higher improvement in seed yield than biomass at both elevated CO2 levels was recorded and under irrigated condition the seed yield improved by 26.3% and 58.9% while under moisture deficit conditions by 9.0% and 34.7% at 550ppm and 700ppm respectively. Though moisture deficit reduced the total biomass, seed yield and HI at all CO2 levels, however the magnitude of reduction was less at elevated CO2 levels. The ameliorative effect of enhanced CO2 concentrations under moisture deficit condition was observed through better pod number in blackgram as compared with ambient control which reflected as higher seed yield.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: The sacral hiatus is the site for caudal epidural anaesthesia during perineal surgery and also for a painless delivery. It is also used for three dimensional colour visualization of lumbosacral epidural space in orthopaedic practice for diagnosis and treatment. Work on the morphometrical study of the sacral hiatus is limited, especially in south indian population. So this study is carried to examine, measure and record the morphometry of sacral hiatus in order to study the anatomical variations which will be useful for caudal epidural anaesthesia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Prathima Institute of Medical Science, Naganur, Andhra Pradesh. 93 dry sacra with complete sacral hiatus were taken for the study. The shape of the sacral hiatus was noted by naked eye. Level of the apex and base of the sacral hiatus was noted with respect to the sacral vertebra. The length of sacral hiatus was measured from apex to the midpoint of base, the anteroposterior depth of sacral hiatus at the apex was measured with the help of vernier calipers. The transverse width of sacral hiatus at the base was measured between the inner aspects of inferior limit of the sacral cornu with the help of divider and then adjusted, and calculated with vernier caliper. Results: In 47 (50.53 %) sacra the shape was Inverted-U and in 25 (26.9 %) sacra Inverted-V. The irregular shaped of sacral hiatus was observed in 11 (11.8 %) cases. A “Dumbbell” shaped sacral hiatus was observed in 5 (5.4%) cases with a nodular bony growth projecting medially from both margins. The dorsal wall of sacral canal was entirely absence in 4 (4.3%) cases. Absence of sacral hiatus, a rare phenomenon, was observed in 1 (1%) specimens only. Conclusion: In the present study, elongated hiatus and narrowing of the sacral canal at apex of sacral hiatus was found in a significant percentage, which should be kept in mind while giving the caudal anaesthesia in Andhra Pradesh region.
ABSTRACT
Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is a nitrogen-fixing legume has been used as a green manure, forage and as a seed crop. Guar gum, extracted from the pods of the guar plant, is widely used as an emulsifier, thickener and stabiliser in food and cosmetics. Approximately 23% of the guar seed is the gum (galactomannin). With growing international demand for the guar gum, identification or development of suitable varieties for different agro climatic conditions along with high seed yield and quality gum is the pressing need of the hour. To address these issues five guar varieties were evaluated during summer for their yield potential along with biotic factors. The genotype RGC-1017 performed better for biomass, pod number and seed yield as well as showed resistance to cutworm disease. RGC-986 a long duration variety produced high vegetative biomass with good root and shoot system may serve as a dual purpose variety for fodder and seed.